Focus on:
Mole Concept (Structure 1.3) – basis for all calculations. HL topics like entropy, Gibbs free energy, and reaction mechanisms all rely on solid stoichiometric reasoning.
Chemical Bonding (Structure 2.1–2.4) – key to structure, reactivity, mechanisms. HL dives deeper into hybridization and resonance, so a strong foundation here is critical.
Periodic Trends (Structure 3.1) – explains properties and reactivity. HL extends into transition metals and complex ions, which build on periodic patterns and electron configurations.
Equilibrium (Reactivity 2.3) – appears in acids, solubility, and beyond. HL adds equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp), reaction quotient (Q), and solubility equilibria.
Acid-Base Chemistry (Reactivity 3.1) – essential for titrations, buffers, reactions. HL expands into buffer calculations, pKa/pKb, and acid–base titration curves.
